Course Code (Credit):

CUTM1007 (2-1-0)

Course Objectives:

• To train the students for Optics and the applications of laser, and optical fiber in the field of engineering and technology.
• To learn and practice the techniques used by an optical phenomenon so that these can be applied to actual field studies.

Learning Outcomes:

• Understand optical phenomena.
• Understand the basic knowledge of laser, and optical fiber and instrumentation involved.
• Understand optical fiber principle, operations, and its applications.

Course Syllabus

Module I: Reflection and Refraction (Derivation is not required)

• Reflection at a plane surface, reflection at spherical mirrors
• Paraxial rays and approximation, Sign convention, Location of the image formation
• Spherical mirror equation, Refraction, Total internal reflection
• Dispersion by a prism, Refraction through a prism

Practice 1: To determine the refractive index of a glass slab using a traveling microscope.

Module II: Lenses (Derivation is not required)

• Definition, Types of Lenses, Terminology associated with the Lens
• Sign Convention, Location of the image formation by graphical method for Lenses
• Lens formula

Practice 2: To determine the dispersive power and Cauchy constants of the material of a prism using mercury source.

Module III: Interference (Derivation is not required)

• Superposition principle, Definition of Interference, Coherence
• Young’s double-slit experiment
• Newton’s rings theory - Determination of wavelength of light

Practice 3: Newton’s Rings - Refractive index of the liquid

Module IV: Diffraction and Polarization (Derivation is not required)

• Types of diffraction, Fraunhofer diffraction at a single slit
• Diffraction at N-parallel slits (plane diffraction grating)
• Polarization, Types of polarized light and their representation
• Brewster’s Law, Malus Law, polarization by double refraction
• Polarimeter, Applications of polarized light

Practice 4: To find the grating element of a plane transmission diffraction grating.

Module V: Optical Properties and Laser

• Scattering, refraction, reflection, absorption & transmission
• Introduction to optoelectronics, Light Emitting Diode
• Stimulated and spontaneous emission, Basic principle of Lasers
• Population inversion, Laser Pumping, Laser system levels
• Ruby Laser, Applications of Lasers in medicine, metrology, defense, nuclear energy, communication, consumer electronics

Practice 5: Wavelength of LASER source by diffraction grating method

Module VI: Optical Fibers

• Introduction, structure of optical fibers
• Classification based on refractive index and mode/core diameter
• Numerical Aperture, Acceptance angle
• Principle of optical fiber communication
• Optical communication (block diagram only)

Practice 6: To find the numerical aperture of a given optical fiber and hence to find its acceptance angle.

Module VII: Optical Fibers (Contd.)

• Attenuation in optical fibers (Scattering, Absorption, Bending losses)
• Fiber Materials - Glass and Plastic fibers
• Light sources, V-number, cable design, fiber connections
• Splices, connectors, Applications - Cable TV, Networking, Power, Imaging, Sensors, Medical (Endoscopy, Dental surgery)

Practice 7: Measurement of bending loss.

Text Books:

1. A Text-Book of Optics by M.N. Avadhanulu, Brij Lal, N. Subrahmanyam, S Chand; 23rd Rev. Edn. [Module I & II]
2. Engineering Physics by D. Thirupathi Naidu, M. Veeranjaneyulu, V.G.S Book links, 2017. [Module III, IV]
3. Principles of Engineering Physics-2 by Md. Khan, S. Panigrahi, Cambridge University Press, 2016. [Module V, VI & VII]

Reference Books:

1. Optics by Ajoy Ghatak, McGraw Hill Education; 6th edition, 2017.
2. Physics-I for Engineering Degree Students by B.B. Swain and K. Jena.
3. Concepts in Engineering Physics by I. Md. N. Khan, 2016.

Session Plan: